Science

                                     How Hydraulics Work

The science behind Hydraulics is called Pascal's principle. Essentially because the liquid in the pipe is in-compressible the pressure must stay constant all the way through it even if your'e pushing it hard at one end or the other. Now the pressure is defined as the force  acting per unit of area. Hydraulics system work by using pressurised fluid to power an engine. These hydraulics presses put pressure on a small amount of fluid in order to generate a large amount of power. That pressure forces it against a piston on the other side of the container.


Aim: How Hydraulic Work
Equipment
                   :Water
                   : tube
                   : syringes
                   : adapter
Methods: We collect all the equipment that we want
               : We use the syringes to push up the water
               : The water is inside the tube
             

    

Hydraulics uses incompresible liquids so the applied pressure from one end small arrow is equal to the desired pressure on the other side big arrow

The big arrow is pointing toward a piston that is free to move and is sometimes connected to a road. When the force is applied the piston moves up or down.

The equation are:
Pressure 1 = Pressure 2
Pressure = Force \ Area
F1 \ A1 = F2 \ A2
F2 = F1 * A2 \ A1

Formula for:                       Word Formula:                         Letter Formula
FLUID PRESSURE in        PRESSURE=                           P= F A or PSIG = F A
pounds/ square inch            Force (pounds) UNIT
                                            Area (square inches)

FLUID FLOW RATE in      FLOW RATE=                       Q = V T
Gallons/Minute                    Volume (Gallons) UNIT
                                               TIME (minute)                     

FLUID POWER IN             HORSEPOWER=                    HP = PQ 1714
HORSEPOWER                  PRESSURE (PSIG) times
                                             FLOW (GPM) 1714     










   

The hydraulic fluid whatever it may be, is distributed throughout a machine to various hydraulic motors and cylinders and becomes pressurised depending on how much resistance is present at a given location. The hydraulic fluid can be controlled either manually or automatically and is allocated to various points and systems in, or, on a piece of machinery through a network a hoses and tubes.

Basic Principles of Hydraulics 
: Earlier, weights were lifted using pulleys, levers, block and tackles
: A simple hydraulic system consists of hydraulic fluid, pistons or rams, cylinders accumulator or oil reservoir, a complete working mechanism, and safety devices

What is a Hydraulics?
 To visualize a basic hydraulic system, think of two identical syringes connected together with tubing and filled with water [see figure 1] Syringe A represents a pump, and Syringe B represents an actuator, in this case a cylinder. Pushing the plunger of Syringe A pressurises the liquid inside. This fluid pressure acts equally in all directions and causes the water to flow out the bottom, into the tube, and into Syringe B. If you placed a 5 lb object on top of the plunger of Syringe B, you would need to push on Syringe A's plunger with at least 5 lbs of force to move the weight upward. If the object weighed 10 lbs you would have to push with at least 10 lbs of force to move the weight upward.

If the area of the plunger of Syringe A is 1 sq in, and you push with 5 lbs of force the fluid pressure will be 5 lbs. Because fluid pressure acts equally in all directions, if the object on Syringe B weighs 10 lbs fluid pressure would have to exceed 10 psi before the object would move upward. If we double the diameter of Syringe B the area of the plunger becomes four times what it was. This means a 10 lb weight would be supported on 4 sq in of fluid. There four, fluid pressure would only have to exceed 2.5 psi, to move the 10 lb object upward. So moving the 10 lb object would only require 2.5 lbs of force on the plunger of Syringe A but the plunger on Syringe B would only move upward 1/4 as far as when both plungers were the same size. This is the essence of fluid power. Varying the sizes of pistons (plungers) and cylinders (syringes) allows multiplying the applied force.

In actual hydraulic systems, pumps contain many pistons or other types of pumping chambers. They are driven by a prime mover (usually an electric motor, diesel engine, or gas engine) that rotates at several hundred revolutions per minute (rpm). Every rotation causes all of the pump's piston to extend and retract - drawing fluid in and pushing it out to the hydraulic circuit in the process. Hydraulic system typically operate at fluid pressures of thousands psi. So a system that can develop 2,000 psi can push with 10,000 lbs of force from a cylinder about the same size as a can of soda pop.